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The flight attendants prepared to feed the hungry passengers. A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. The kangaroo jumps. In inverted sentences the subject follows the verb. The sentence may begin with a prepositional phrase, the word there or here, or a form of do. Into the pond dove the children.

Does a bird have a sense of smell? There is a squeak in that third stair. Do not mistake a word in a prepositional phrase for the subject. The glass in the window is streaked. The singular verb is agrees with the subject, glass. A title is always singular, even if nouns in the title are plural. Instant World Facts is a helpful reference book. Subjects combined with and or both need a plural verb unless the parts are of a whole unit.

When compound subjects are joined with or or nor, the verb agrees with the subject listed last. Canterbury and Coventry have famous cathedrals. A bagel and cream cheese is a filling snack. Either two short stories or a novel is acceptable for your book report. A verb must agree in number with an indefinite pronoun subject. Indefinite pronouns that are always singular: anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, and something Always plural: both, few, many, others, and several Either singular or plural: all, any, most, none, and some Most of the snow has melted.

All of the children have eaten. The neighbors pitched in, and the job went a lot faster. We ate everything except the crust. They were altogether prepared for a heated discussion.

Besides the kitchen, the den is my favorite room. Use among to show a relationship in a group. The joke was between Hilary and Megan. The conversation among the teacher, the principal, and the janitor was friendly.

Use take to show movement from a nearby place to a more distant one. You may bring your model here. Please take a brochure with you when you go. Constance can walk to school. She may ride the bus if she wishes. Celia chose the purple folder. Use less with nouns that cannot be counted. There were fewer sunny days this year. I see less fog today than I expected. Lydia formerly lived in Spain, but now she lives in New York City.

The birds nest in the trees. A bird flew into our window yesterday. Possessive pronouns never have apostrophes. The dog lives in its own house.

We lay the uniforms on the shelves each day. The players lie on the floor to do their sit-ups. Minton will teach French to us next year. Dad will let me go swimming today. I did not want to lose my balance. Use much with nouns that cannot be counted. Many ants were crawling near the anthill. Marly can proceed with her travel plans. The other kittens were quite playful. Please raise your hand if you would like to help. I left the bread in a warm spot to rise. Set can also be used to describe the sun going down.

Please sit in your assigned seats. Set those dishes down. The sun set at First get comfortable, then look the pitcher right in the eye. The Westons returned to their favorite vacation spot. Theirs is one of the latest models.

You may go to the library. It is too cold for skating. There are only two days of vacation left. Where were you yesterday afternoon? Whose is the possessive form of who. Do you know whose books these are? Capitalize the first word of every sentence, including direct quotations and sentences in parentheses unless they are contained within another sentence.

Capitalize the first word in the salutation and closing of a letter. Capitalize the title and name of the person addressed. Always capitalize the pronoun I no matter where it appears in the sentence. Since I knew you were coming, I baked a cake. Capitalize the following proper nouns: a.

Names of individuals, the initials that stand for their names, and titles preceding a name or used instead of a name Governor Cordoba A. Shen Aunt Margaret Dr. Harada General Diaz b. Names and abbreviations of academic degrees, and Jr.

Richard Boe, Ph. Sammy Davis Jr. Names of cities, countries, states, continents, bodies of water, sections of the United States, and compass points when they refer to a specific section of the United States Boston Dade County North Carolina Australia Amazon River the South d. Names of ethnic groups, national groups, political parties and their members, and languages Hispanics Chinese Irish Italian Republican party 5.

Capitalize proper adjectives adjectives formed from proper nouns. Use a period at the end of a declarative sentence and at the end of a polite command. Miranda plays tennis every Tuesday. Write your name in the space provided. Use a question mark at the end of an interrogative sentence. When will the new books arrive? Use an exclamation point to show strong feeling and indicate a forceful command.

Oh, no! It was a terrific concert! Use a comma in the following situations: a. To separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses in a series A tent, sleeping bag, and sturdy shoes are essential wilderness camping equipment.

To set off two or more prepositional phrases After the sound of the bell, we realized it was a false alarm. After an introductory participle and an introductory participial phrase Marveling at the sight, we waited to see another shooting star.

After conjunctive adverbs Snow is falling; however, it is turning to sleet. To set off an appositive if it is not essential to the meaning of the sentence Mr.

Yoshino, the head of the department, resigned yesterday. To set off words or phrases of direct address Micha, have you called your brother yet? Between the main clauses of compound sentences Whiskers liked to watch the goldfish, and she sometimes dipped her paw in the bowl. After an introductory adverb clause and to set off a nonessential adjective clause Whenever we get careless, we always make mistakes.

Spelling errors, which are common, can now be corrected by computer. To separate parts of an address or a date Burma Drive, Waterbury, Connecticut She was born on February 2, , and she now lives in Bangor, Maine. Use a semicolon in the following situations: a. To join main clauses not joined by a coordinating conjunction The house looks dark; perhaps we should have called first. To separate two main clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction when such clauses already contain several commas After a week of rain, the farmers around Ames, Iowa, waited hopefully; but the rain, unfortunately, had come too late.

To separate main clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb or by for example or that is Jen was determined to win the race; nonetheless, she knew that it took more than determination to succeed.

Use a colon to introduce a list of items that ends a sentence. Bring the following tools: hammer, speed square, and drill. Use a colon to separate the hour and the minute in time measurements and after business letter salutations.

Dear Sir: Dear Ms. Use quotation marks to enclose a direct quotation. When a quotation is interrupted, use two sets of quotation marks. Use single quotation marks for a quotation within a quotation. Always place commas and periods inside closing quotation marks. Place colons and semicolons outside closing quotation marks.

Place question marks and exclamation points inside closing quotation marks only when those marks are part of the quotation. Use quotation marks to indicate titles of short stories, poems, essays, songs, and magazine or newspaper articles.

Italicize underline titles of books, plays, films, television series, paintings and sculptures, and names of newspapers and magazines. Add an apostrophe and -s to form the possessive of singular indefinite pronouns, singular nouns, and plural nouns not ending in -s.

Add only an apostrophe to plural nouns ending in -s to make them possessive. Use an apostrophe in place of omitted letters or numerals. Use an apostrophe and -s to form the plural of letters, numerals, and symbols. Use a hyphen to divide words at the end of a line. Use a hyphen in a compound adjective that precedes a noun. Use a hyphen in compound numbers and fractions used as adjectives. Use a hyphen after any prefix joined to a proper noun or a proper adjective. Use a hyphen after the prefixes all-, ex-, and self- joined to a noun or adjective, the prefix anti- joined to a word beginning with i-, and the prefix vice- except in the case of vice president.

Use dashes to signal a break or change in thought. I received a letter from Aunt Carla—you have never met her—saying she is coming to visit. Use parentheses to set off supplemental material. Punctuate within the parentheses only if the punctuation is part of the parenthetical expression. Place one gallon 3. Soga, Ph. Quentin Use the abbreviations A.

Abbreviate numerical measurements in scientific writing but not in ordinary prose. The newborn snakes measured 3. Pour 45 ml warm water into the beaker.

Spell out cardinal and ordinal numbers that can be written in one or two words or that appear at the beginning of a sentence.

Two hundred twenty runners crossed the finish line. Observers counted forty-nine sandhill cranes. Express all related numbers in a sentence as numerals if any one should be expressed as a numeral.

There were volunteers, but only 9 showed up because of the bad weather. Spell out ordinal numbers. Nina won third place in the spelling bee. Use words for decades, for amounts of money that can be written in one or two words, and for the approximate time of day or when A. Use numerals for dates; for decimals; for house, apartment, and room numbers; for street or avenue numbers; for telephone numbers; for page numbers; for percentages; for sums of money involving both dollars and cents; and to emphasize the exact time of day or when A.

Clues to the meaning of an unfamiliar word can be found in its context. Context clues include definitions, the meaning stated; example, the meaning explained through one familiar case; comparison, similarity to a familiar word; contrast, opposite of a familiar word; and cause and effect, a reason and its results.

The meaning of a word can be obtained from its base word, its prefix, or its suffix. The i comes before the e, except when both letters follow a c or when both letters are pronounced together as an a— sound.

However, many exceptions exist to this rule. An unstressed vowel is a vowel sound that is not emphasized when the word is pronounced. Determine how to spell this sound by comparing it to a known word.

When joining a prefix that ends in the same letter as the word, keep both consonants. When adding a suffix that begins with a consonant to a word that ends in silent e, generally keep the e. If the suffix begins with a vowel or y, generally drop the e. If the suffix begins with a or o and the word ends in ce or ge, keep the e. If the suffix begins with a vowel and the word ends in ee or oe, keep the e.

When adding -ly to a word that ends in a single l, keep the l. If it ends in a double l, drop one l. When forming compound words, maintain the spelling of both words.

Most nouns form their plurals by adding -s. However, nouns that end in -ch, -s, -sh, -x, or -z form plurals by adding -es. If the noun ends in -lf, change f to v and add -es. If the noun ends in -fe, change f to v and add -s. To form the plural of proper names and one-word compound nouns, follow the general rules for plurals.

To form the plural of hyphenated compound nouns or compound nouns of more than one word, make the most important word plural. Wilsons Diazes housekeepers sisters-in-law editors-in-chief Some nouns have the same singular and plural forms. Use prewriting to find ideas to write about.

One form of prewriting, freewriting, starts with a subject or topic and branches off into related ideas. Another way to find a topic is to ask and answer questions about your starting subject, helping you to gain a deeper understanding of your chosen topic. Also part of the prewriting stage is determining who your readers or audience will be and deciding your purpose for writing.

To complete your first draft, organize your prewriting into an introduction, body, and conclusion. Concentrate on unity and coherence of the overall piece. Revise your composition if necessary.

Read through your draft, looking for places to improve content and structure. Remember that varying your sentence patterns and lengths will make your writing easier and more enjoyable to read. In the editing stage, check your grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Focus on expressing your ideas clearly and concisely. Finally, prepare your writing for presentation.

Sharing your composition, or ideas, with others may take many forms: printed, oral, or graphic. Outlining 1. The two common forms of outlines are sentence outlines and topic outlines.

Choose one type of outline and keep it uniform throughout. A period follows the number or letter of each division. Each point in a sentence outline ends with a period; the points in a topic outline do not. Each point begins with a capital letter. A point may have no fewer than two subpoints. This is the main point. Main point A. This is a subpoint of I. Subpoint of I 1. This is a detail of A. Detail of A a. This is a detail of 1.

Detail of 1 b. Detail of 1 2. Detail of A B. Subpoint of I II. Will this software still be able to disable PDF permissions? Yes, any type of file size limitation is not imposed by the product. Is it possible to delete multiple permissions from PDF document? Yes, this application is capable to remove all permissions from PDF file.

Does this software facilitate the user to convert this PDF file to other formats after removing all permissions from PDF? Yes, once the tool remove security permissions from PDF document the resultant file can be used export into other file formats like Word, RTF, etc. It offers a high level of security to its users. Its much faster and more complete than Windows search. How satisfied are you with this reply? Thanks for your feedback, it helps us improve the site.

A subscription to make the most of your time. Try one month free. This site in other languages x. Clear instructions. Easy to follow. No jargon. Pictures helped. Didn't match my screen. Incorrect instructions. Too technical. Not enough information. There is no object to receive or complete the action. In the following exercises underline the verbs and tell whether they are transitive or intransitive. Circle the direct objects. We will not buy a new car until next summer.

The small boat moved slowly through the grey sea. Diane tripped on the top step and fell downstairs. Please order a hamburger and a milkshake for me. Have you ever explored a cave? Your friend Tom has a very intriguing job. Do you play tennis every day? After the election, the Prime Minister assembled his cabinet. The old cabin was surrounded by many tall trees. The house on the hill belongs to the Millers. Russell has three children in elementary school.

You should not walk in the rain without your boots.



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